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Agriculture
Agriculture (encompasses farming, ranching, and the tending of orchards and
vineyards) is the production of food, feed, fiber, fuel and other goods by the
systematic raising of plants and breeding and feeding animals. Agri is from
Latin ager, meaning "a field", and culture is from Latin cultura, meaning
"cultivation" in the strict sense of "tillage of the soil". A literal reading of
the English word yields "tillage of the soil of a field". In modern usage, the
word agriculture covers all activities essential to food/feed/fiber production,
including all techniques for raising and "processing" livestock. Agriculture is
also short for the study of the practice of agriculture — more formally known as
agricultural science.
History
The history of agriculture is a major element of human history, as agricultural
progress has been a crucial factor in worldwide socio-economic change, including
wealth-building and militaristic specializations rarely seen in hunter-gatherer
cultures—when farmers became capable of producing food beyond the needs of their
own families, others in the tribe/nation/empire were freed to devote themselves
to ambitions and enterprises other than food acquisition.Forty-two percent of
the world's laborers are employed in agriculture, making it by far the most
common occupation. However, agricultural production accounts for less than five
percent of the Gross World Product (an aggregate of all Gross Domestic
Products).
Developed independently by geographically distant populations, systematic
agriculture first appeared in Southwest Asia in the Fertile Crescent,
particularly in modern-day southern Iraq and Syria. Around 9500 BC,
proto-farmers began to select and cultivate food plants with desired
characteristics. Though there is evidence of earlier sporadic use of wild
cereals, it was not until after 9500 BC that the eight so-called founder crops
of agriculture appear: first emmer and einkorn wheat, then hulled barley, peas,
lentils, bitter vetch, chick peas and flax.
Types of Agriculture- There is conventional agriculture and sustainable
agriculture (agro-ecology
The following relate to agriculture, agribusiness and other useful organizations
Alaska Dept. of Natural Resources Division of Agriculture, Agriculture & Agri-Food
Canada,
American Farm Bureau Federation, Arizona Dept. of Agriculture,Asia-Pacific
Economic Cooperation,
Association Rural del Uruguay, Austrian Federal Ministry of Agriculture &
Forestry,British Columbia Ministry of Agriculture & Food, Ministry for
Agriculture and Forestry - Germany, California Dept. of Food & Agriculture,
California Table Grape Commission, Canadian Federation of Agriculture,
Colorado Dept. of Agriculture,Connecticut Dept. of Agriculture, Dairy New
Zealand, Dept. of Agriculture, Food & Rural Dev, Alberta , Canada, Dept.
ofAgriculture for Northern Ireland,
eHARVEST.com, European Commission Agriculture, European Union -
agriculture,egriculture,agrEculture,agri-culture, Learn
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